Cleaner Production activities and techniques
The hierarchy places highest priority on preventing pollution through source reduction and reuse techniques or closed-loop recycling. Preventing or recycling at the source eliminates the need for off-site recycling or treatment and disposal. Elimination of pollutants at or near the source is typically less expensive than collecting, treating and disposing of waste. Also workers, the community and the environment are better prevented from risks.
Source reduction techniques
Source reduction prevents the generation of wastes and environmental releases and conserves natural resources. This technique is the preferred approach to environmental management, as illustrated on the hierarchy. There are six techniques that are most commonly used in source reduction: process efficiency improvements, material substitution, inventory control, preventive maintenance, improved housekeeping, and in-process recycling.
The table defines and provides examples of each of the six source reduction techniques. These are just some of the many methods of reducing waste at the source. But they are very impressive examples of CP-options based on pollution prevention strategy. This activities are good alternatives which wins against every "End of pipe" option.
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Source Reduction Technique
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Description
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Examples
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Process efficiency improvements
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A method of doing more with less by designing new systems or modifying existing ones; the most effective means of conserving materials and resources
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High volume, low pressure (HVLP) spray guns for painting operations; centralized fluid distribution systems; water flow restrictors; energy-saving light fixtures
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Material substitution
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Replace hazardous chemicals with less toxic alternatives of equal performance
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Using water-based paints instead of solvent-based paints; replacing solvent degreasers with aqueous cleaning systems
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Inventory control
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Reduce product losses due to product expiration and over-stocking
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Restricting access to supply areas; maintaining accurate inventory records to prevent over-stocking
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Preventative maintenance
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Includes any activity that might prevent equipment malfunctions and environmental releases
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Routinely inspecting equipment and storage containers; fixing problems immediately; following standard operating procedures
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Improved housekeeping
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Keeping a cleaner shop conserves resources and materials, prevents product losses, and prevents spills and leaks
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Keeping aisles clear; cleaning up spills and absorbents immediately; maintaining storage shelves in good order
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In-process recycling
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In-process recycling is considered source reduction if materials are not removed from the process (i.e., waste is not generated) or if materials are redirected back into the process
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Counter-current rinsing in the electroplating process; water recirculation; multi-pass coolant systems.
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